{"id":16,"date":"2023-08-17T11:01:03","date_gmt":"2023-08-17T11:01:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tastycounter.net\/index.php\/2023\/08\/17\/cach-day-42-nam-chiec-pc-dau-tien-cua-ibm-ra-mat\/"},"modified":"2023-08-17T11:01:03","modified_gmt":"2023-08-17T11:01:03","slug":"cach-day-42-nam-chiec-pc-dau-tien-cua-ibm-ra-mat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tastycounter.net\/index.php\/2023\/08\/17\/cach-day-42-nam-chiec-pc-dau-tien-cua-ibm-ra-mat\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 42 n\u0103m, chi\u1ebfc PC \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a IBM ra m\u1eaft"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n<div class=\"content-detail textview\">\n<div class=\"audio\"><audio controls><\/audio><\/div>\n<p>Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o mang t\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1977, nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ra m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd nh\u01b0 Commodore PET, Apple II v\u00e0 Radio Shack TRS-80. Trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i n\u0103m, h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed Atari v\u1edbi PC Atari 800, v\u00e0 Sinclair Research v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu PC ZX.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc PC tr\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ngh\u0129 IBM l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng. IBM quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o xu h\u01b0\u1edbng PC nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y 42 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1981, IBM \u0111\u00e3 ra m\u1eaft chi\u1ebfc PC \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00f3 t\u00ean IBM PC \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. M\u1eabu m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1edf h\u1eefu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;IBM Compatibles&#8221;. C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a IBM PC tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. S\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1980 l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m Apple Macintosh. \u0110\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb IBM PC.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/st.quantrimang.com\/photos\/image\/holder.png\" alt=\"IBM PC\" width=\"640\" height=\"441\" class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/st.quantrimang.com\/photos\/image\/2023\/08\/13\/cach-day-42-nam-chiec-pc-dau-tien-cua-ibm-ra-mat1.jpg\"><\/p>\n<div id=\"articleads\" class=\"adbox adsense in-article\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"text-align:center\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9275417305531302\" data-ad-slot=\"2079243249\"><\/ins><\/div>\n<p>Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, IBM PC kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1975, IBM \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng IBM 5100 Portable. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u201cPortable\u201d, m\u1eabu m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc PC ra m\u1eaft hai n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3. Tuy v\u1eady, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 k\u00edch c\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng. Gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a IBM 5100 &#8220;PC&#8221; c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t cao. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n ra n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 8.975 USD \u0111\u1ebfn 19.975 USD &#8211; r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eaft \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>N\u0103m 1980, IBM cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 cho c\u1ea3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do IBM PC ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i Boca Raton, Florida, b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 12 ng\u01b0\u1eddi do k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 William C. Lowe \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u1eabu m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u1edf, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n qua c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n l\u1ebb. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i tri\u1ebft l\u00fd kinh doanh c\u1ee7a IBM.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 CPU \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n IBM PC, bao g\u1ed3m TMS9900 c\u1ee7a Texas Instruments, Motorola 68000, v\u00e0 Intel 8088. C\u00e1i t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 Intel 8088 do gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 IBM \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi con chip n\u00e0y trong l\u00fac thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf IBM System\/23 Datamaster tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/st.quantrimang.com\/photos\/image\/holder.png\" alt=\"Intel 8088\" width=\"640\" height=\"441\" class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/st.quantrimang.com\/photos\/image\/2023\/08\/13\/cach-day-42-nam-chiec-pc-dau-tien-cua-ibm-ra-mat1.jpg\"><\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, Bill Gates v\u00e0 Steve Ballmer c\u1ee7a Microsoft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p IBM v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho IBM PC. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, Microsoft v\u1eabn s\u1edf h\u1eefu H\u0110H v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i IBM. Th\u1eadt ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, IBM \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ecf \u1edf ph\u00eda Microsoft: h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<div id=\"articleads2\" class=\"adbox in-article adsense\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"text-align:center\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9275417305531302\" data-ad-slot=\"4889239415\"><\/ins><\/div>\n<p>Microsoft \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh mua b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n QDOS c\u1ee7a Seattle Computer Products v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 ch\u1ec9 50.000 USD. Nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a H\u0110H \u0111\u00f3, Tim Paterson, \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ec3 gia nh\u1eadp Microsoft. Trong v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng sau,Tim v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i Microsoft \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra PC-DOS, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi PC IBM \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 IBM PC 5150 ra m\u1eaft v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 1.565 USD, bao g\u1ed3m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n s\u1eafc v\u00e0 b\u00e0n ph\u00edm. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn nh\u01b0 m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh m\u00e0u, m\u00e1y in, \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a m\u1ec1m, v.v. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 trong PC bao g\u1ed3m ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh VisiCalc v\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i Microsoft Adventure.<\/p>\n<p>IBM PC \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c doanh thu l\u1edbn, ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh. C\u00f3 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m IBM b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 40,000 PC trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng. \u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 50% \u0111\u1ebfn 70% s\u1ed1 PC \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1n \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n l\u1ebb c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1983 IBM b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n 750,000 m\u00e1y, trong khi DEC, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn IBM ph\u1ea3i gia nh\u1eadp th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 69,000 m\u00e1y trong c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/st.quantrimang.com\/photos\/image\/holder.png\" alt=\"IBM PC\" width=\"642\" height=\"361\" class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/st.quantrimang.com\/photos\/image\/2023\/08\/13\/cach-day-42-nam-chiec-pc-dau-tien-cua-ibm-ra-mat3.jpg\"><\/p>\n<p>Tr\u1edb tr\u00eau thay, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c CPU c\u1ee7a Intel v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Microsoft (MS-DOS) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c PC t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi IBM.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng PC. Ng\u00e0y nay, Microsoft v\u00e0 Intel ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p PC, trong khi IBM \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng PC m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o mang t\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1977, nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ra m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd nh\u01b0 Commodore PET, Apple II v\u00e0 Radio Shack TRS-80. Trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i n\u0103m, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-khong-phan-loai"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tastycounter.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tastycounter.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tastycounter.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tastycounter.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tastycounter.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tastycounter.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tastycounter.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tastycounter.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tastycounter.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tastycounter.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}